Imperial cities, ships and expanding routes across the world
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Empires: Rise, Peak, Collapse

Compare how empires expand, organise power, reach their height and finally come apart.

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New to the topic? Start with the essentials. Already know the broad story? Follow the route for the turning points, context and consequences that make each step matter.

75 min

The Roman Empire
1
Story

The Roman Empire

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Begin with the imperial model that shaped law, citizenship, cities and later political memory.

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The Mongol Empire
2
Story

The Mongol Empire

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Follow steppe power as it becomes the largest contiguous land empire in history.

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The Ottoman Empire
3
Story

The Ottoman Empire

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Trace a frontier principality into a long-lived empire connecting Europe, Asia and Africa.

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The Aztec Empire
4
Story

The Aztec Empire

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See tribute, religion and urban power at the heart of Mesoamerican imperial rule.

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The Qing Dynasty
5
Story

The Qing Dynasty

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Explore expansion, multiethnic rule and the pressures facing China's last imperial dynasty.

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The British Empire
6
Story

The British Empire

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Follow maritime, commercial and industrial power into global empire and decolonisation.

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The Collapse of the Soviet Union
7
Story

The Collapse of the Soviet Union

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End with a modern superpower unravelling through strain, reform and loss of confidence.

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Featured figures

Start with these figure pages to follow the people, rulers and decision-makers behind the route.

Portrait of Augustus in Roman imperial attire
FigureFirst Roman emperor

Augustus

He won Rome's civil wars by outmanoeuvring everyone who tried to destroy him — then spent the next forty years pretending he hadn't changed anything.

Portrait of Genghis Khan in Mongol military attire
FigureFounder of the Mongol Empire

Genghis Khan

He was born Temujin on the Mongolian steppe, survived exile and betrayal, united rival clans through discipline and reward, and founded the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire in history.

Portrait of Suleiman the Magnificent in Ottoman imperial dress
FigureSultan of the Ottoman Empire

Suleiman the Magnificent

He ruled the Ottoman Empire at the height of its power, expanding from Hungary to Iraq while shaping law, court culture and imperial identity.

Portrait of Moctezuma II in Aztec imperial attire
FigureAztec emperor

Moctezuma II

He ruled Tenochtitlan at the height of Mexica power, faced Hernan Cortes and his Indigenous allies in 1519, and died as Spanish invasion turned imperial strength into sudden crisis.

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