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History glossary

dictator

a Roman emergency magistrate given extraordinary authority for a limited crisis, though later rulers stretched the idea toward one-person rule.

Category
Political office
Region
Roman world
Date range
Roman Republic and early Empire

What it means

In the Roman Republic, a dictator was originally an emergency official appointed for a short period during a crisis. By the late Republic, figures such as Sulla and Julius Caesar used dictatorial power in more expansive and alarming ways. For Romans after Caesar's assassination, the word carried the danger of one-person rule.

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